[Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal inflammatory response syndrome in women with preterm premature rupture of membrane]. / Ultrazvuková diagnostika syndromu fetální zánetlivé odpovedi u zen s predcasným odtokem plodové vody.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to analyze the existing possibilities of using ultrasound in the diagnosis of the fetal inflammatory response. DESIGN: Review. SETTINGS: Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava. METHODS: Preterm delivery is defined as a delivery before completed 37 weeks of gestation. Approximately one-thirdof these cases is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes. About forty percent of preterm premature rupture of membranes is complicated by the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, which is associated with the development of severe perinatal morbidity. Recent prenatal diagnosis of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is based on the invasive methods (amniocentesis, cordocentesis), which are limited by several risk factors accompanying these procedures and technical difficulties. Therefore, there is an effort to replace them by non-invasive approach. The development of ultrasound, as a diagnostic method through the last decade, and knowledge of pathophysiological and morphological changes in fetal organs associated with the fetal inflammatory response may lead to more specific diagnosis in the future and improvement of neonatal outcome. CONCLUSION: Early identification of fetuses affected by FIRS in pregnancies with PPROM is necessary for right management of these pregnancy pathology. At this moment, ultrasonography examination of fetal lineal vein and fetal echocardiography, seems to be suitable for diagnosing FIRS.

[A vaccine against tetanus with a higher level of tetanus toxoid]. / Vakcína proti tetanu s vyssím obsahom tetanického anatoxínu.

In an immunological survey of the population it was revealed that the population above 60 years is not adequately protected against tetanus. This is probably to a considerable extent due to changes in the immune system as a result of age-conditioned changes and also due to an inadequate stimulus in the form of vaccine. The author prepared therefore an anti-tetanus vaccine with a higher antigen content. After its administration to a group of elderly subjects experimental evidence was provided of its favourable effect on the formation of tetanic antitoxin. The main attention was focused on the effect of vaccine in prophylaxis of tetanus after injuries.